Oral cancer medical cross-industry - using implantable hydrogel vaccines for in situ photoimmunotherapy to prevent postoperative oral cancer recurrence
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often recurs and metastasizes aggressively after surgery and adjuvant therapy, which is driven by postoperative residual cancer cells near the primary tumor site. An implantable in situ vaccine hydrogel was designed to target residual OSCC cells after tumor resection. This hydrogel serves as a reservoir for sustained local release of δ-aminolevulinic acid (δ-ALA), which enhances protoporphyrin IX-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT), and polydopamine-hyaluronic acid complexes for photothermal therapy (PTT). In addition, immune adjuvants, including anti-CD47 antibodies (aCD47) and CaCO3 nanoparticles, are released directly into the resected tumor bed. This approach induces apoptosis of residual OSCC cells by continuous near-infrared irradiation, promoting calcium interferon therapy (CIT). The hydrogel further stimulated immunogenic cell death (ICD) and promoted polarization of tumor-associated macrophages from an M2 to an M1 phenotype. This promoted phagocytosis, dendritic cell activation, robust antigen presentation, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. In a mouse OSCC model, orthotopic vaccination effectively prevented local recurrence, inhibited orthotopic OSCC growth and lung metastasis, and provided long-term protective immunity against tumor recurrence. These findings support the use of biocompatible hydrogel implants for postoperative orthotopic vaccination as a promising strategy to minimize residual tumor burden and reduce the risk of recurrence after OSCC resection.
Research inspiration: 1. The cross-research model of medicine and engineering has unique advantages in solving complex clinical problems; 2. The synergistic effect of multimodal treatment strategies may be better than a single treatment method; 3. The linkage of local treatment and systemic immune response can achieve better therapeutic effects; 4. The intelligent design of biomaterials can achieve controlled release of drugs in time and space.
Extension of ideas: 1. The system can be explored for the postoperative treatment of other types of solid tumors; 2. Different photosensitizer combinations can be studied to optimize the effect of photodynamic therapy; 3. New immune adjuvants can be developed to further enhance the immune response; 4. The relationship between the degradation kinetics of hydrogel materials and drug release can be studied; 5. The combined application of this treatment regimen with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy can be explored; 6. Intelligent responsive hydrogels can be developed to achieve more precise drug release; 7. The preventive effect of this treatment system in different metastasis patterns can be studied.
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