Tumor metabolic microenvironment refers to the metabolic interaction between tumor cells and surrounding normal cells (such as immune cells, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, etc.) and extracellular matrix, which affect the growth, invasion, metastasis and drug resistance of tumors. Precise regulation and visualization of the tumor metabolic microenvironment is an emerging antitumor strategy designed to inhibit tumor development by changing the metabolic status of tumor cells and surrounding cells, and monitor the metabolic changes of tumors through imaging techniques. Case of precise regulation and visualization of tumor metabolic microenvironment: By targeting the immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells, etc., and regulating their metabolic pathways, such as glucose metabolism, amino acid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, etc., so as to enhance the ability of the immune system to kill tumors; By targeting fibroblasts in the tumor microenvironment, inhibiting the secretion of factors that promote tumor growth and angiogenesis, such as TGF- β, VE GF, etc., so as to inhibit tumor progression; By targeting the hypoxic and acidic conditions in the tumor microenvironment, using hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) or carbonic anhydrase (CA) as therapeutic targets or imaging probes, so as to inhibit the adaptive response of the tumor or improve the imaging contrast; By targeting specific metabolites or metabolic enzymes in the tumor microenvironment, such as succinate, fumarate, D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2 HG), such as biomarkers or drug carriers, to achieve accurate diagnosis or treatment of specific types or subtypes of tumors.