myocardial infarction is myocardial cell death caused by myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, which is one of the main causes of death of cardiovascular diseases.

Current treatments are mainly drug therapy, thrombolysis, stent placement and bypass grafting, but these methods cannot fundamentally repair the damaged heart and restore the heart function. Engineered stem cells refer to the stem cells cultured, expanded, differentiated or modified in vitro, and have certain biological characteristics and functions. The principle of engineered stem cells for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction is to transplant to the damaged heart, promote myocyte regeneration, blood vessel regeneration, suppression of inflammation, and immune regulation, so as to improve cardiac remodeling and function. The methods used by engineering stem cells for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction mainly include direct injection, coronary perfusion and stent implantation, among which direct injection is the most simple, but there are also problems of low cell survival rate and uneven distribution. The effect of engineered stem cells for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction is still controversial. Different animal models and clinical trials have shown inconsistent results, which may be related to the cell type, source, dose, route, timing and other factors. The challenges of engineered stem cells for the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction mainly include improving the quality and quantity of cells, optimizing the conditions and methods of transplantation, solving the risks of xenograft rejection and tumor formation, and monitoring the effect and safety after transplantation.
Combined with biomimetic strategy to modify exosomes, realize targeted therapy of cardiac repair, using engineered exosomes to promote myocardial vascularization and vascularization and functional recovery after myocardial infarction.