Low symmetry precious metal nanostructures in tumor marker spectrum detection is a kind of use of low symmetry of precious metal (such as silver, gold, platinum, etc.) nanostructure as a surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) base, the specific combination with tumor markers (such as protein, DNA, RNA, etc.), and then through Raman spectrum, achieve high sensitivity and high selectivity detection of tumor markers of a new technology. Low symmetry noble metal nanostructures have excellent optical properties and can generate strong localized electric fields on their surface, thus greatly enhancing the Raman signal and enabling single-molecule level detection of tumor markers. This technique can exploit the diversity, controllability and functionalization of low-symmetry noble metal nanostructures to achieve multimodal, multiparameter and multifunctional detection of tumor markers.