Imaging and disease diagnosis and treatment based on cell surface engineering is a method that uses chemical, biological or physical methods to modify or add specific molecules or structures to the cell surface, so as to change the properties and functions of cells and realize the visualization and treatment of cells. This method can be used to study the biological characteristics of cells, regulate the signaling of cells, and enhance the targeting and immunity of cells, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, infection, immunodeficiency and other diseases.